What Is the Definition of Abortion

Abortion is the intentional termination of a pregnancy after conception. It allows women to put an end to their pregnancies  but involves killing the undeveloped embryo or fetus. For this reason, it is a very controversial subject in American politics. Supporters of abortion rights argue that the embryo or fetus is not a person, or at least that the government has no right to ban abortion unless it can prove that an embryo or fetus is a person.Opponents of abortion rights argue that the embryo or fetus is a person, or at least that the government has a responsibility to ban abortion until it can prove that an embryo or fetus is not a person. Although opponents of abortion often frame their objections in religious terms, abortion is never mentioned in the Bible.Abortion has been legal in every U.S. state since 1973  when the Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade (1973) that women have the right to make medical decisions about their own bodies. Fetuses also have rights, but only after the pregnancy has progressed to the point where the fetus can be viewed as an independent person. In medical terms, this is defined as the viability threshold -- the point at which a fetus can survive outside of the womb -- which is currently 22 to 24 we eks.Abortions have been performed for at least 3,500 years, as evidenced by their mention in the Ebers Papyrus (ca. 1550 BCE).The word abortion comes from the Latin root aboriri (ab off the mark, oriri to be born or rise). Until the 19th century, both miscarriages and intentional terminations of pregnancies were referred to as abortions. More About Abortion and Reproductive Rights Reproductive Rights in the United StatesWhat If Roe v. Wade Were Overturned?Womens Reproductive Rights the U.S.ConstitutionKey Arguments For and Against Abortion

Mobile Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2970 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1. Introduction Traditional mobile telephony is associated predominantly with first and second generation (1G and 2G) communication networks. These technologies enabled voice to be transmitted through radio and digital channels. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mobile Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order It is widely known that the only function of the earliest mobile phones were to provide a two-way communication through the voice channel (Zheng and Ni, 2006:82), where the parties could simultaneously speak and hear each other. Nevertheless, the traditional understanding of mobile telephony has undergone considerable changes recently. Contemporary mobile operators already use third and fourth generation (3G and 4G) communication networks (Talukdar, 2010:38) and these new generations of mobile phones support such functions as video calling, mobile TV, MMS, high-speed internet access and complex mobile applications and this breakthrough was possible due to the fast development of mobile computing technologies (Talukdar, 2010:38; Heckmann, 2005:20). The literature review is aimed at a critical discussion of the impacts produced by mobile computing on traditional mobile telephony. 2. Theories on Mobile Computing and Its Influence In accordance with Mastorakis (2009:479), mobile computing may be defined as a form of interaction between a human and a computer implying that a computer device may be easily transported by the user. The researcher states that the key mobile computing devices are laptops, palmtops, smartphones and ordinary mobile phones (Mastorakis, 2009:479). This section of literature review critically discusses the main theories on the development of mobile computing and its influence on the mobile telephony. 2.1. Aspect Models of Mobile Computing It is argued by Boronowsky et al. (2006:11) that mobile computing can be viewed through the prism of the three-aspect model. The researchers have built a theoretical framework, which identifies three main aspects of mobile computing, namely mobile communication, mobile software and mobile hardware. The first aspect, mobile communication, means that mobile computing is impossible without particular data protocols, properties of communication, data format and the data transfer technologies (Boronowsky et al., 2006:11). The second aspect, mobile software, implies that special mobile applications are necessary for mobile computing. Finally, the mobile hardware aspect emphasises that the mobile computing development requires innovation in mobile devices and components (Boronowsky et al., 2006:11). It may be critically remarked that the three-aspect model provides a theoretical grounding to the impact of mobile computing technologies on traditional mobile telephony: correspondin gly, the influence is also three-aspect. Firstly, technological progress in mobile computing has led to the development of mobile communication and more specifically data protocols, methods of data transfer and types of communication networks have changed (Grant and Meadows, 2006:173). Secondly, the development of mobile hardware has led to technological innovations of mobile phones and smartphones as they acquired new functions such as internet access, Bluetooth, mobile cameras, accelerometer, etc. Thirdly, technological progress in mobile software stimulated the development of mobile phone applications (Business Link, 2010:1). An alternative aspect model of mobile computing was formulated by Heckmann (2005:20). The researcher argues that since the interaction with intelligent environments supposes that the user can move around, results from the research area of mobile computing can be integrated into the situated interaction within ubiquitous computing (Heckmann (2005:20) . The model is two-aspect and Heckmann (2005:20) identifies device-related and human-related aspects of mobile computing. This model is different from the framework provided by Boronowsky et al. (2006:11) where the latter singled out software and hardware aspects. Heckmann (2005:20) includes the hardware and software aspects into the device category and it can be assumed that the model offered by Heckmann (2005:20) is less detailed. Nevertheless, it emphasises the importance of human-related aspects. In accordance with Heckmann (2005:20), the impact of mobile computing on traditional mobile telephony has two dimensions. Both devices and users have undergone changes during the process of technological development (Dawson, 2005:63), however, the human-related aspect is less relevant for this research project since it is focused on the changes in mobile hardware and software. 2.2. Level Models of Mobile Computing Level models of mobile computing reveal hierarchical structure (Goggin and Hjorth, 2008:47). Kumkum (2010:3) formulated the three-level model of mobile computing. The researcher differentiated between such levels as macro mobility, micro mobility and ad hoc mobility. Macro mobility is associated with the growth of the global communication network and positive environmental influences. For instance, it is impossible to forecast substantial technological advances in mobile hardware and software if communication networks are local and small (Kumkum, 2010:3). Micro mobility is associated with the mobility characteristics of a particular device and it is argued that this level is subjected to the macro mobility level. In other words, there is no need to stimulate micro mobility if macro mobility is limited. Furthermore, mobile devices should not be small in size if there are only local communication networks. Kumkum (2010:3) argues that ad-hoc mobility is situational mobility whic h refers to every particular act of information sharing. The three-level model can be critically evaluated only with the reference to the discussed question. The mobile telephony network is global, which means that the macro mobility level is not limited to only local communication frameworks (Mastorakis, 2009:479). In turn, micro mobility is not limited either as typical mobile phones and smartphones can be used with mobile operator networks all over the world. According to the model, this stimulates further growth of mobile computing technologies in mobile telephony. Furthermore, unlimited macro mobility has led to greater micro mobility. Mobile phones would be useless if they were very large and heavy and vice versa, if mobiles phones were large and heavy, macro mobility would be limited (Kotulic and Clark, 2004:597). The strength of the model is that it explains the relationship between mobile computing and mobile telephony. However, one of the weaknesses is that the ad -hoc mobility level is not given enough attention by Kumkum (2010:3). It can be argued that ad-hoc mobility implies conditions in which data transfer occurs (Mastorakis, 2009:479). Alternatively, Umar (2006:29) argues that mobile computing has always been implemented in commercial projects. Hence, the development of mobile computing and its influence are determined by the relationships between consumers and businesses. For this reason, the scholar differentiates between three levels of mobile computing, namely customer level, B2C [business to customer] and B2B [business to business] (Umar, 2006:29). Nevertheless, it may be critically remarked that the three-level model has excessive focus on commercial relations between the users and sellers of mobile computing technologies (Srivastava and Teo, 2009:267). 2.3. Result Models of Mobile Computing Kaschek (2008:135) gave theoretical grounding to the process migration model of mobile computing. It is suggested that this the ory can be presented as a result model since it emphasises particular benefits and effects of the technology. Kaschek (2008:135) argues that process migration is one of the key benefits of mobile computing, where process migration means that mobile devices can share processes within a communication network. It does not matter if this network is wireless or wired, indeed, mobile computing is useless without the migration of processes. Kumkum (2010:3) agrees that it enables movement of the programming environment and application to desired location (Kumkum, 2010:3). Furthermore, it is summarised that the resulting flexibility and reliability are important and necessary (Kumkum, 2010:3). The influence of advanced mobile technologies may be seen in the fact that mobile devices are now able to share a greater number of processes. For instance, the earliest mobile phones were able to send and receive data only in the voice format. Technological progress in mobile computing has en abled the sharing of data in different formats such as pictures, video signals, multi-media files, audio files, etc. (Goggin and Hjorth, 2008:115). It is also reported that new technologies of voice sharing have appeared. For example, there is Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology, which allows mobile devices to send voice via the internet instead of the traditional telephone channel. This technology is widely implemented in contemporary mobile phones and smartphones and can be viewed as another influence of mobile computing on traditional telephony (Talukdar, 2010:38). Nevertheless, not all theorists are ready to admit the positive influence and results of mobile computing. Upadhyaya (2005:173) argues that the development of mobile computing has led to considerable security problems. Free access public networks do not guarantee that the personal information of a user will be protected. Furthermore, mobile phones and smartphones have weaker software and hardware re sistance to viruses and other malware (Business Link, 2010:1). Bernardo and Bogliolo (2005:241) are convinced that the development of mobile computing technologies has led to the increased power consumption of mobile devices. The point is that contemporary mobile applications and large-size screens of smartphones require more power. As a result, consumers are not able to use their devices for a long period of time. In addition, the size of the battery has also increased, which can be considered a serious limitation to the micro mobility of devices (Kotulic and Clark, 2004:597). Another negative result of mobile computing are the potential health hazards. It is argued by Cerin and Li (2007:247) that the development of mobile computing has led to serious health risks. For instance, the number of car accidents with the drivers using mobile devices has increased recently (Cerin and Li, 2007:247). It may be argued that all these negative influences and limitations have changed t he mobile telephony. Mobile computing has made mobile devices multi-functional and smart. However, at the same time it has come with side effects. 3. Hardware and Software Strategies of Nokia and Apple As it is suggested by the given theories, the traditional mobile telephony has been always influenced by innovations and advances in mobile computing technologies. For instance, it is reported by Bradley (2011:1) that Nokia, one of the largest communication companies, entered a strategic alliance with Microsoft. This decision should be understood as a software strategy of the Finnish company. In the near future, Nokias smartphones will support the Windows Phone 7 operating system. It is argued that for Nokia to bet on Microsofts new phone platform is an incredible vote of confidence but it is also a natural partnership given the various points of synergies (Bradley, 2011:1). Windows Phone 7 is a completely new level of mobile computing and this mobile operating system is a powerful platform for individuals and businesses. Furthermore, the software strategy is also aimed at strengthening Nokias competitive advantage against Apple (Bradley, 2011:1). It is expected that the a doption of the Windows Phone 7 OS by Nokias smartphones will enable the use of more advanced applications. Furthermore, Nokia will continue a building software base for its touchscreen technologies and the new operating system allows for more efficient human-device interaction. Finally, Nokias users will be able to use Microsoft Office applications directly from their phone (TechNet Magazine, 2011:1). The software strategy of Nokia is consistent with the three-aspect model formulated by Boronowsky et al. (2006:11). The level model by Umar (2006:29) can be also applied to this strategy and Nokia used this strategic decision to introduce changes in customer and business levels. In accordance with the Mac Daily News (2007:1), Apples practice of producing equivalent consumer and professional applications suggests they may pursue professional versions of iWeb or iTune (Mac Daily News, 2007:1). The companys software strategy is to develop creative applications, which will be dema nded in the market. Regardless of the fact that there are equivalents produced by competitors, Apple is not afraid of providing an alternative. At the same time, the company has always remained highly innovative. For instance, the company developed the multi-touch ecosystem, which influenced human-device interaction to a considerable degree (Info World, 2009:1). Apples hardware strategy has always revealed that mobile telephony is influenced by advances in mobile computing technology. For example, iPad 2, the second generation of Apples tablet computer, was launched in March 2011. Regardless of the fact that sales of the iPad 1were still successful, the company introduced a new device (Mobile Computing Today, 2011:1). It should be specified that iPad contains a 3G module, which enables it to be used for mobile telephony. In addition, the device provides rich possibilities of using various applications, internet and accelerometer. The only significant difference with the iPa d 2 is that the second generation device acquired back and front cameras and this provides greater possibilities for video calling (Word Cast, 2011:1). As it may be understood, the iPad is an example of a multi-format device. It is a mobile tablet computer, which provides rich multimedia and communication possibilities. 4. Empirical Evidence Herzog et al. (2007:495) pursued an empirical investigation, which was aimed at the identification of the relationship between mobile computing advances and the development of mobile telephony. The researcher conducted a case study of Germany and its telecommunication industry. Herzog et al. (2007:495) obtained secondary data from the Mobile Research Centre in Bremen. It is concluded that the recent innovations in mobile computing have a multi-aspect effect on mobile telephony. The scholars argue that the main aspects of the effects are the development of hardware and software (Herzog et al., 2007:495). For instance, it is reported that Siemens made serious attempts to increase battery capacity in mobile devices. Furthermore, all mobile phone producers constantly upgrade software so that mobile devices could support new applications. One of the main advantages of the case study conducted by Herzog et al. (2007:495) is that the researchers identified and measured the influen ce of mobile computing on traditional mobile telephony. The findings may be compared with the three aspect model formulated by Boronowsky et al. (2006:11). Herzog et al. (2007:495) analysed only two of the three aspects: hardware and software, however, the researcher failed to consider the aspect of mobile communication. Another limitation may be seen in the fact that the results of case studies can hardly be generalised. Fjellheim et al. (2005:75) pursued a different empirical investigation aimed at the analysis of limitations associated with mobile computing. The researchers argue that mobility raises new issues such as more dynamic context, limited computing resources, and frequent disconnections (Fjellheim et al., 2005:75). Regardless of the fact that mobile technologies are transportable and convenient to use, they have important limitations and weaknesses. According to the scholars, the most important limitations are energy consuming software, low battery capacity and security problems. Fjellheim et al. (2005:75) argue that mobile computing technologies do not solve the problems of mobile telephony but simply add new ones. The findings of the researchers can be compared with the arguments provided by Upadhyaya (2005:173) and Bernardo and Bogliolo (2005:241). One of the key weaknesses of the study is that Fjellheim et al. (2005:75) are excessively pessimistic about the development of mobile computing. 5. Summary It may be summarised that the key theories on mobile computing and its development are aspect, level and result models. Aspect models identify such dimensions of mobile computing as mobile communication, mobile software and mobile hardware. From this standpoint, the impact of mobile computing on traditional mobile telephony has three dimensions. Level models single out such levels as macro mobility, micro mobility and ad-hoc mobility and this theory implies that micro mobility is always limited by the degree of macro mobility. In the case of mobile telephony, this limitation is reduced to a minimum. Finally, the result models suggest that the influence of mobile computing may be both positive and negative: positive influence was seen in the process migration; negative influence is associated with security problems and power consumption. Nokia and Apple were found to have different software and hardware strategies and Nokia relies on strategic alliances to gain new mobile comp uting technologies, whereas Apple conducts a strategy of innovation and product differentiation. References Bernardo, M. and Bogliolo, A. (2005) Formal methods for mobile computing: 5th International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, New York: Springer. Boronowsky, M., Herzog, O., Knackfuss, P. and, Lawo, M. (2006) Wearable computing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" an approach or living labs3rd International Forum on Applied Wearable Computing, Berlin: VDE Verlag. Bradley, T. (2011) Analysis: Nokia-Microsoft deal is a win for Apple, [online] Available at: https://www.macworld.com.au/news/analysis-nokia-microsoft-deal-is-a-win-for-apple-24333/ [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Business Link (2010) Information security best practice, [online] Available at: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1075406928type=RESOURCES [Accessed on 7 December 2010]. Cerin, C. and Li, K. (2007) Advances in grid and pervasive computing: second international conference, New York: Springer. Dawson, R. (2005) Developing knowledge-based client relationships: the future of pro fessional services, 2nd ed., New York: Elsevier, p. 63. Fjellheim, T., Milliner, S. and Dumas, M. (2005) Middleware support for mobile applications, International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 75-88. Goggin, G. and Hjorth, L. (2008) Mobile technologies: from telecommunications to media, London: Taylor Francis. Grant, A. and Meadows, J. (2006) Communication technology update, New York: Focal Press. Heckmann, D. (2005) Ubiquitous user modelling, New York: IOS Press. Herzog, O., Boronowsky, M., Rugge, I., Glotzbach, U. and Lawo, M. (2007) The future of mobile computing: RD activities in the state of Bremen, Internet Research, Vol. 17, Issue 5, pp. 495-504. Info World (2009) Apples iPhone software strategy moves me, [online] Available at: https://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/apples-iphone-software-strategy-moves-me-646 [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Kaschek, R. (2008) Information Systems and E-Business Technologies: 2nd Inte rnational United Information Systems Conference, New York: Springer. Kotulic, A. and Clark, J. (2004) Why there arent more information security research studies, Information Management, Vol. 41, pp. 597-607. Kumkum, G. (2010) Mobile Computing: Theory and Practice, Delhi: Pearson Education India. Mac Daily News (2007) Where might Apple go next in their software strategy?, [online] Available at: https://macdailynews.com/2006/07/24/where_might_apple_go_next_in_their_software_strategy/ [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Mastorakis, N. (2009) Proceedings of the European Computing Conference, New York: Springer. Mobile Computing Today (2011) iPad 2 launches in the UK, [online] Available at: https://www.mobilecomputingtoday.co.uk/news/article/ipad-2-launches-in-uk [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Srivastava, S. and Teo, T. (2009) E-Government, E-Business, and National Economic Performance, Communications of AIS, Vol. 26, pp. 267-286. Talukdar, A. (2010) Mobile Computing, 2E, New Yo rk: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. TechNet Magazine (2011) Windows Phone 7: Enterprises Go with Windows Phone 7, [online] Available at: https://www.macworld.com.au/news/analysis-nokia-microsoft-deal-is-a-win-for-apple-24333/ [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Umar, A. (2006) Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications, 2nd ed., New York: NGE Solutions. Upadhyaya, S. (2005) Mobile computing: implementing pervasive information and communications technologies, 2nd ed., New York: Springer. Word Cast (2011) Apple iPad 2 Announced: Pushing Mobile Tablet Computing Further, [online] Available at: https://wordcastnet.com/2011/apple-ipad-2-announced-pushing-mobile-tablet-computing-further/ [Accessed 22 April 2011]. Zheng, P. and Ni, L. (2006) Smart phone and next generation mobile computing, New York: Morgan Kaufmann.

Poem, The Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum...

Elizabeth Miller Literary Studies May 8, 2017 Literary Research Paper Tennyson Owen War Poems Their Ideas The poems, The Charge of The Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est, both deal with an idea of war. The writers both have the same viewpoint about war, but the way that they articulate those ideas on paper varies. Through literary devices in the poems, the authors show two different wars, but the same tragic outcome – death. These two poems showcase how people can have different outlooks on war, but in the end they all end with the same deadly outcome. These writers, Wilfred Owen and Alfred Lord Tennyson, uses tone, metaphor or repetition, and rhyming and diction to present a more concrete version on their perception of war. The†¦show more content†¦The tone that Alfred Lord Tennyson created for this poem has an honorable and celebratory feel to it for those whom were lost. The overall tone of the poem capitalizes on the his idea of war and how we should be acting towards those who have given up themselves to hopefully makes their country better . Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est also created a specific tone in his poem as well. His poem takes on a completely different tone though. In his version of a war piece, Owen is showing us how war is bad and how much he feels that it is wrong, and how we won’t like the conclusion that results from them. This war poem, about the First World War, has a more negative look on the actions of war. An example of this tone can be seen in the first stanza. According to the Bloom’s Literary Reference Online, â€Å"The first stanza presents a scene saturated with misery.† (Dulce et Decorum Est) Throughout the entire piece Owen gives us the tone of misery, awful challenges, and death – all negative feelings. We can see in the last couple of lines of the poem how Owen really felt about war, â€Å"The old Lie, Dulce et Decorum est / Pro patria mori.† (27-28) This roughly translates to ‘it is sweet and right to die for your country.’ It is a wonderful thing that one could die for their country, the soldiers should be filled with honor to do so. But Wilfred Owen tells usShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pageswar in great detail in their works â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† and â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est,† respectively, Tennyson describes the courage and honor of warfare, whereas Owen goes into more detail about the horrors and atrocities that go hand-in-hand with war. Tennyson describes a battle in which 600 bold and courageous men storm a valley, which he refers to as the â€Å"Valley of Death† (line 7), to meet their almost inevitable death. 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In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesMany people have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious ev ent with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead More The charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce Et Decorum Est The two poems that I have been studying are each about war. They both describe about the terrors of war and the suffering of each sides men and what they had to go through. The two different poets have very different views on how the war actually progressed. The first poem The Charge of the Light Brigade is a piece of propaganda for the army; similarly for Dulce Et Decorum Est. 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This time difference meant approachesRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1862 Words   |  8 Pages‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’. ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ was written in nineteenth century by Alfred Lord Tennyson. In contrast, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written in the twentieth century by Wilfred Owen. The main similarity we have observed is that they both capture war time experiences. However, the poets’ present these events using their own style, and the effect is two completely different observations of war. The themes of the two poems are portrayedRead More Comparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST1201 Words   |  5 PagesComparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poems â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† and â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum EST† are war poems. They reflect on two different but equally harrowing events, however the poets portray these events using their own style and the and result is two entirely different views of war. Alfred Tennyson wrote the â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† in 1854 and it is about the battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war. Although this battle had no real

Is Marriage A Patriarchal Society - 1196 Words

Although marriage may have different meanings according to different cultures, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines it as â€Å"the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law.† Spouses are partners that grow old together, sharing their lives and responsibilities. The choice of a partner, however, also depends on the culture; it can be influenced by social norms, parental approval, or individual desire. In patriarchal societies such as the ones depicted in â€Å"Giribala† and â€Å"Wedding at the Cross,† fathers are responsible to determine if a partner is suitable for their daughters. Ngugi Wa Thiong’o and Mahasweta Devi present in their respective works two strong, hardworking female characters faced with challenging circumstances that have to learn how to make their own choices and find their voices in a world dominated by men. A patriarchal society is one in which men dominate every aspect of life. In such societies, men make all decisions; they hold all the power. And thus facilitates women’s oppression. In patriarchal societies, women are reduced to nothing but property, to be sold and given. They are obedient and subservient, serving at the pleasure of men. This patriarchal dominance is clearly demonstrated in â€Å"Giribala† when Aulchand, guilty of selling his daughter to prostitution, tells Giribala, â€Å"I’ve shown what good it can be even if we got more daughters. So much money for aShow MoreRelatedAnalyse Louisa’s Marriage with Bounderby as an Example of Patriarchal and Utilitarian â€Å"Arrangement† in Victorian Society (Hard Times by Charles Dickens)1814 Words   |  8 PagesA patriarchal society is the one in which the father is the head of the family. In such a social system, men have authority over women and children, and descent, kinship, and title are t raced through the male line. 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Patriarchal views of femininity support the authority of men in society, as well as subjugation and subordination of women. As written of the representation of women in early literature, â€Å"the focus of interest is on the heroine’s choice of marriage partner, which will decide her ultimate social position and †¦ determine her happiness † Yet through the story Shakespeare subtlyRead MoreA Radical- Socialist Feminism with a Postcolonial Approah Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesrespond to the problem. I believe that women are oppressed because patriarchy controls women’s sexuality and dictates their sexual roles. Men, as players in the system of patriarchal capitalism, control women’s reproduction. Through colonization and globalization this system of domination seeks to convert the more egalitarian societies. An example of this spread of domination is the white settler’s attitude towards conquering and taming the nature, which was forcefully embedded in the Native AmericanRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1136 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst a strict patriarchal society and towards her empowerment and independence. Janie’s first relationship gives us a general idea of how women were treated during this time. Her journey towards independence begins with a guilt-centered marriage to a man much older than Janie, who is thought of as a provider. Logan, Janie’s husband, is thought of as a provider because he embodies the idea that women do not have the capability to provide for themselves. Moreover, it shows that society believes womenRead MoreThe, The Gender Knot, By Allan G. Johnson1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthey were. They were either men or women, there was no in between or changing it. Society today has come a long way in terms of gender identity and gender roles, but the concept of patriarchy still has the upper hand when it all boils down. Allan G. Johnson’s, The Gender Knot, provides for a more diverse outlook on the women’s expected roles in life, how they are expected to handle difficult situations in marriage, and how they demonstrate courage, in Mona Lisa Sm ile. For years the expected rolesRead MoreJane Austens Novel Sense and Sensibility: An Analysis1492 Words   |  6 PagesThemes like autonomy versus independence and the role of women in a patriarchal society are explored in Sense and Sensibility. Using two sisters to symbolize the different directions the female spirit can be pulled, Austen shows the variable ways women respond to political, social, and economic oppression. The women of Sense and Sensibility are both trapped by, and breaking free from, the conventions of marriage and motherhood. Marriage and motherhood are portrayed ironically as the natural course ofRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis997 Words   |  4 Pages Additionally, Morrison claims that the Wife’s vernacular demonstrates the trilingual society existing in fifteenth century England. The Wife references her sexual organs in the three prominent languages of her time; she uses the English term â€Å"queynte,† the French term â€Å"bele chose† and the Latin term â€Å"quoniam† (Morrison). The three languages represent the structure of the patriarchal society existing in England; Latin is the language of the church and government, French is the language of the nobilityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen Essay806 Words   |  4 Pages In a patriarchal marriage the male holds control and power of property, moral authority and, social privilege, over women, at least to a large amount. The husband acts and thinks like their wife’s father. This makes the woman attracted to the man. As weird as it may seem, male have always been dominant of women. Women were not able to vote or own property for many year s. In some places they had a limit of how many children they could have. It wasn’t until August 1920, that the 19th amendment was

Pest Analysis Finland Tourism Industry Free Essays

Self and Peer Evaluation, by 30 April 2013 In the evaluation you will have to think, evaluate and write about what you and your class mates have learned during the study unit and how you and they have taken part in the lectures and group assignments. This assignment is set to bring new insights to one’s own thinking and to support personal learning. The point in this task is to evoke critical thinking, practice selfreflective skills and connect one’s personal learning to previous experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis Finland Tourism Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Self-reflection helps you in learning new skills for instance in these areas: ? aintaining an attitude that is both open-minded and sceptical; ? objectively gathering, evaluating, and synthesising information; ? forming reasonable judgments, and conclusions; ? developing a tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; ? exploring and evaluating alternative perspectives In particular, you should pay attention in your reflective evaluation on the following issues: ? Capture the point of the study unit briefly in your own words. Begin the paper with a short summary of the study unit, about its objectives and contents and your personal goals when attending the study unit. What makes it interesting and relevant to tourism business and for my future expertise? ? Identify and present at least 1-3 new things you have learned during the study unit. Weigh their value for your work possibilities and your future studies (e. g. your Thesis). ? Identify and present 1-3 expertise areas in which you want to improve your skills. Evaluate them in the light of your work possibilities and your future studies. ? Comment on the group work, the workshops and the lecture sessions from the perspective of active participation of students, and the role of the teachers. Also, in the case of group work, you can comment on the amount of work and how it was divided within the group. ? You may also want to comment on some challenges you faced in completing the study unit. ? Also, add in a brief feedback of the course (at least one + and one –). This evaluation paper should cover the issues captured above, and it should be at most 1 A4 pages long. It is not so much about the length but the analytical, selfreflective level of the text. Please upload the paper into the folder in Optima by 30 April 2013. Best regards, Paivi Petra How to cite Pest Analysis Finland Tourism Industry, Papers

As You Like It a Romantic Comedy free essay sample

The major conventions of Shakespearean Romantic Comedy are: The main action is about love. The would-be lovers must overcome obstacles and misunderstandings before being united in harmonious union. The ending frequently involves a parade of couples to the altar and a festive mood or actual celebration (expressed in dance, song, feast, etc. ) A Midsummer Nights Dream has four such couples (not counting Pyramus and Thisbe! ); As You Like It has four; Twelfth Night has three; etc. Frequently (but not always), it contains elements of the improbable, the fantastic, the supernatural, or the miraculous, e. . unbelievable coincidences, improbable scenes of recognition/lack of recognition, willful disregard of the social order (nobles marrying commoners, beggars changed to lords), instantaneous conversions (the wicked repent), enchanted or idealized settings, supernatural beings (witches, fairies, Gods and Goddesses). The happy ending may be brought about through supernatural or divine intervention (comparable to the deus ex machina in classical comedy, where a God appears to resolve the conflict) or may merely involve improbable turns of events. In the best of the mature comedies, there is frequently a philosophical aspect involving weightier issues and themes: personal identity; the importance of love in human existence; the power of language to help or hinder communication; the transforming power of poetry and art; the disjunction between appearance and reality; the power of dreams and illusions). As you like it is a romantic comedy. It is full of sunshine, love, laughter, and song. The predominant mood of the play is one of cheerfulness, light-hearted gaiety, and laughter.It is a pure and fun romantic comedy. It revolves around two plots. One centers on hatred and the other centers on love. The outcome of both plots reveals that love is all-important, whether it is brotherly love or romantic love. The play depicts romantic love at its best. comedy, and with more immediate success. For this his models include the dramatists Robert Greene and John Lyly, along with Thomas Nashe. The result is a genre recognizably and distinctively Shakespearean, even if he learned a lot from Greene and Lyly: the romantic comedy.As in the work of his models, Shakespeares early comedies revel in stories of amorous courtship in which a plucky and admirable young woman (played by a boy actor) is paired off against her male wooer. Julia, one of two young heroines in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (c. 1590–94), disguises herself as a man in order to follow her lover, Proteus, when he is sent from Verona to Milan. Proteus (appropriately named for the changeable Proteus of Greek myth), she discovers, is paying far too much attention to Sylvia, the beloved of Proteuss best friend, Valentine. Love and friendship thus do battle for the divided loyalties of the erring male until the generosity of his friend and, most of all, the enduring chaste loyalty of the two women bring Proteus to his senses. The motif of the young woman disguised as a male was to prove invaluable to Shakespeare in subsequent romantic comedies, including The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night. As is generally true of Shakespeare, he derived the essentials of his plot from a narrative source, in this case a long Spanish prose romance, the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor.Shakespeares most classically inspired early comedy is The Comedy of Errors (c. 1589–94). Here he turned particularly to Plautuss farcical play called the Menaechmi (Twins). The story of one twin (Antipholus) looking for his lost brother, accompanied by a clever servant (Dromio) whose twin has also disappeared, results in a farce of mistaken identities that also thoughtfully explores issues of identity and self-kno wing. The young women of the play, one the wife of Antipholus of Ephesus (Adriana) and the other her sister (Luciana), engage in meaningful dialogue on issues of wifely obedience and autonomy. Marriage resolves these difficulties at the end, as is routinely the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, but not before the plot complications have tested the characters needs to know who they are and what men and women ought to expect from one another. Shakespeares early romantic comedy most indebted to John Lyly is Loves Labours Lost (c. 588–97), a confection set in the never-never land of Navarre where the King and his companions are visited by the Princess of France and her ladies-in-waiting on a diplomatic mission that soon devolves into a game of courtship. As is often the case in Shakespearean romantic comedy, the young women are sure of who they are and whom they intend to marry; one cannot be certain that they ever really fall in love, since they begin by knowing what they want.The young men, conversely, fall all over themselves in their comically futile attempts to eschew romantic love in favour of more serious pursuits. They perjure themselves, are shamed and put down, and are finally forgiven their follies by the women. Shakespeare brilliantly portrays male discomfiture and female self-assurance as he explores the treacherous but desirable world of sexual attraction, while the verbal gymnastics of the play emphasize the wonder and the delicious foolishness of falling in love. In The Taming of the Shrew (c. 590–94), Shakespeare employs a device of multiple plotting that is to become a standard feature of his romantic comedies. In one plot, derived from Ludovico Ariostos I suppositi (Supposes, as it had been translated into English by George Gascoigne), a young woman (Bianca) carries on a risky courtship with a young man who appears to be a tutor, much to the dismay of her father, who hopes to marry her to a wealthy suitor of his own choosing. Eventually the mistaken identities are straightened out, establishing the presumed tutor as Lucentio, wealthy and suitable enough.Simultaneously, Biancas shrewish sister Kate denounces (and terrorizes) all men. Biancas suitors commission the self-assured Petruchio to pursue Kate so that Bianca, the younger sister, will be free to wed. The wife-taming plot is itself based on folktale and ballad tradition in which men assure their ascendancy in the marriage relationship by beating their wives into submission. Shakespeare transforms this raw, antifeminist material into a study of the struggle for dominance in the marriage relationship.And, whereas he does opt in this play for male triumph over the female, he gives to Kate a sense of humour that enables her to see how she is to play the game to her own advantage as well. She is, arguably, happy at the end with a relationship based on wit and companionship, whereas her sister Bianca turns out to be simply spoiled The play is set in a duchy in France, but most of the action takes place in a location called the Forest of Arden. Frederick has usurped the Duchy and exiled his older brother, Duke Senior.The Dukes daughter Rosalind has been permitted to remain at court because she is the closest friend and cousin of Fredericks only child, Celia. Orlando, a young gentleman of the kingdom who has fallen in love at first sight of Rosalind, is forced to flee his home after being persecuted by his older brother, Oliver. Frederick becomes angry and banishes Rosalind from court. Celia and Rosalind decide to flee together accompanied by the jester Touchstone, with Rosalind disguised as a young man and Celia disguised as a poor lady.Rosalind, now disguised as Ganymede (Joves own page), and Celia, now disguised as Aliena (Latin for stranger), arrive in the Arcadian Forest of Arden, where the exiled Duke now lives with some supporters, including the melancholy Jaques, who is introduced to us weeping over the slaughter of a deer. Ganymede and Aliena do not immediately encounter the Duke and his companions, as they meet up with Corin, an impoverished tenant, and offer to buy his masters rude cottage.Audrey by Philip Richard Morris Orlando and his servant Adam (a role possibly played by Shakespeare himself, though this story is apocryphal),[1] meanwhile, find the Duke and his men and are soon living with them and posting simplistic love poems for Rosalind on the trees. Rosalind, also in love with Orlando, m eets him as Ganymede and pretends to counsel him to cure him of being in love. Ganymede says he will take Rosalinds place and he and Orlando can act out their relationship. The shepherdess Phebe, with whom Silvius is in love, has fallen in love with Ganymede (actually Rosalind), though Ganymede continually shows that he is not interested in Phebe. Touchstone, meanwhile, has fallen in love with the dull-witted shepherdess, Audrey, and tries to woo her, but eventually is forced to be married first. William, another shepherd attempts to marry Audrey as well, but is stopped by Touchstone, who threatens to kill him a hundred and 50 different ways.Finally, Silvius, Phebe, Ganymede, and Orlando are brought together in an argument with each other over who will get whom. Ganymede says he will solve the problem, having Orlando promise to marry Rosalind, and Phebe promise to marry Silvius if she cannot marry Ganymede. Orlando sees Oliver in the forest and rescues him from a lioness, causing Oliver to repent for mistreating Orlando (some directors treat this as a tale, rather than reality). Oliver meets Aliena (Celias false identity) and falls in love with her, and they agree to marry. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phebe, and Touchstone and Audrey all are married in the final scene, after which they discover that Frederick has also repented his faults, deciding to restore his legitimate brother to the dukedom and adopt a religious life. Jaques, ever melancholy, declines their invitation to return to the court preferring to stay in the forest and to adopt a religious life. Rosalind speaks an epilogue to the audience, commending the play to both men and women in the audience.

European Economic Transitions Essay Research Paper Economic free essay sample

European Economic Transitions Essay, Research Paper Economic Passages for the European States After 1945 The greatest challenge for Germany after World War II was economic sciences. Nothing remained of Germany except rubble and Gravess. It was impossible for the Germans go acquire nutrient and clean imbibing H2O. It was even more impossible for the Germans to happen paying occupations. In add-on to this Germany besides had on its custodies four million refugees and captives to feed that it did non hold in 1939. In 1939 Germany could merely bring forth 70 to 85 per centum of its nutrient now it had another four million to feed. The Soviet Union occupied most of Germany s premier agricultural land and non much of the nutrient produced went to Germany. After the war German industry was limited to what and how much of certain goods could be produced. German mills were dismantled for payment in war reparations. In the E, industries were nationalized and public-service corporations were socialized. The Soviets sucked the life out of East Germany by puting up alleged joint stock companies, which enabled the Communists to command production and gross revenues of goods produced. In 1948, a currency reform and the money given to them by the Marshall Plan saved West Germany. This helped put a footing for West German economic system. After World War II the major economic concern of the Communist Russian authorities was industrial development. If Marxism-Leninism was supposed to win at anything in the great competition with the West, it was in its ability to supply a different way to modernness than the capitalist system. This needed heavy investing by the Soviet authorities. Under Stalin s leading new industrial town popped up all throughout the state. For the first clip the Communists felt that they could maintain up with the West. But by 1980, as a consequence of the drastic steps that the Soviets used to speed up their industrial growing, the Soviet Union s gross national merchandise had dropped to one per centum. Nationalization was the cardinal issue in England s economic development after World War II. Because there was a demand for more lodging, societal security, improved wellness steps, and full employment there was a turning demand for public ownership on a national footing. As a consequence of the Labour party coming to power in England after World War II ; they set Forth in nationalising the Bank of England, the abroad overseas telegram and radio services, civil air power, the operation of coal mines, the rail roads, route draw, canals, docks, and the electrical supply and gas plants. Britain besides had a crisis in foreign trade. After World War II Britain was unable to take the controls it had put in topographic point during the war and in bend had to widen them. Apparels were still rationed until 1949 and nutrient rationing did non wholly stop until 1954. This was made necessary because of the surplus of imports over exports, which had come because of the demand to replace wartime losingss and mac hinery. British industries made a rapid recovery and the transportation fleet was enlarged through an active edifice plan. This was all made possible by the loans that Britain received through the Marshall Plan. Even though there was an addition in exports there was still an unfavourable balance of trade. This forced Britain to cut back in military committednesss and outgos. In the months instantly following World War II, France suffered majorly from deficits of nutrient and coal which was needed for heat and mill production. Both the Soviets and the U.S. were providing Gallic demands but it was the U.S. who France turned to for aid. The Gallic people received assistance through the Marshall program. However, money, coal, and grain entirely would non be plenty to convey France back to life. There was so much Reconstruction required and the demand for scarce capital, labour, and resources. Therefore at the beginning of 1947, France adopted the Monnet Plan. This was a set of guidelines and ends set for the Gallic industries. The six industries that this program included were coal, power, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, and transit. To carry through these ends immense sums of natural stuffs and machinery were needed to be imported. By 1947-1948 production in Gallic industry as a whole exceeded pre war degrees and continued to spread out. Even before World War II Italy was considered a have non state. World War II merely made Italy s state of affairs worse. Italy possesses excessively few of the natural stuffs which was unable to countervail the spread outing population. After World War II Italy discovered that she possessed rich sedimentations of methane gas and some oil sedimentations. But this alone was non plenty to maintain Italy s caput above the H2O. Grants and loans from the U.S. in the signifier of the Marshall Plan did much to better the Italians place. Italian enlargement occurred in the old ages between 1958 and 1962. Even after this enlargement in foreign trade, Italy s imports exceeded their exports and Italy had to get down trusting on tourers to countervail these disbursals. After World War II Austria required international loans for its endurance. The United Nations alleviation bureau provided a batch of its alleviation and the U.S. provided more with gifts. The cost of the occupying forces was a heavy drain on the Austrian budget. Because Austria was so closely linked with Germany that it had jobs acquiring parts for its machinery and they were non able to set up trade with southeasterly Europe. The Marshall Plan helped the Austrian authorities physique roads, dikes, and heavy industry. They bought back their oil Fieldss and the Danube Shipping Company. After this Austria s economic system flourished. In decision, after World War II practically all of Europe was devastated. All of the European states had one thing on their head and that was to acquire their economic system leap started so they could get down supplying for themselves. The Marshall Plan was a major aid to the European states in making this end.